:root{--ink:#1d2731;--ink-soft:#46515c;--muted:#7d8790;--paper:#fff;--panel:#f2f5f5;--rule:#e0e5e5;--navy:#0b3c5d;--link:#328cc1;--gold:#d9b310;--content:1140px;--reading:680px;--serif:"Noto Serif KR","Nanum Myeongjo","AppleMyungjo",serif;--display:"Cormorant Garamond","Noto Serif KR",serif;--sans:"Pretendard Variable",Pretendard,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Apple SD Gothic Neo",sans-serif;--c-wh-cultural:#7a3a12;--c-wh-natural:#1f5d12;--c-wh-mixed:#0b5d55;--c-ich-rl:#550b5d;--c-ich-usl:#b2410d;--c-mow:#0b3c5d}.prog-wh-cultural{--prog:var(--c-wh-cultural)}.prog-wh-natural{--prog:var(--c-wh-natural)}.prog-wh-mixed{--prog:var(--c-wh-mixed)}.prog-ich-rl{--prog:var(--c-ich-rl)}.prog-ich-usl{--prog:var(--c-ich-usl)}.prog-mow{--prog:var(--c-mow)}*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html,body{max-width:100vw;overflow-x:hidden}body{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;word-break:keep-all;overflow-wrap:anywhere;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;line-height:1.7;display:flex}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}img{max-width:100%;display:block}button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.container{width:100%;max-width:var(--content);margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}.site-main{flex:1;min-width:0}.muted{color:var(--muted)}.center{text-align:center}.main-site{min-height:100vh;font-family:var(--serif);flex-direction:column;display:flex}.main-site .section{margin-top:64px;margin-bottom:64px}.masthead-top{grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;align-items:center;padding:26px 0 18px;display:grid}.icon-link{color:var(--ink);justify-self:start;padding:4px;display:inline-flex}.icon-link:hover{color:var(--navy)}.brand{text-align:center;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:4px;display:flex}.wordmark{font-family:var(--display);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink);font-size:clamp(2.1rem,5vw,3.4rem);font-weight:500;line-height:1}.wordmark em{letter-spacing:.02em;font-style:italic}.wordmark.small{font-size:1.9rem}.brand-ko{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:.18em;color:var(--muted);font-size:.82rem}.masthead-count{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);justify-self:end;font-size:.8rem}.masthead-count b{color:var(--navy);font-weight:700}.masthead-nav{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;align-items:center;padding:9px 0;display:grid}.pill{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap;border-radius:999px;justify-self:start;padding:5px 16px;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-block}.pill:hover{background:#082c45}.pill.wide{text-align:center;padding:8px 16px;font-size:.88rem;display:block}.nav{gap:28px;font-size:.98rem;display:flex}.nav a{color:var(--ink);white-space:nowrap}.nav a:hover{color:var(--navy);text-underline-offset:6px;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.masthead-note{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.04em;justify-self:end;font-size:.75rem}.rule-title{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink);text-align:center;align-items:center;gap:22px;margin-bottom:30px;font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:500;display:flex}.rule-title:before,.rule-title:after{content:"";border-top:1px solid var(--rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);flex:1;height:4px}.rule-title small{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:0;margin-left:6px;font-size:.8rem}.rule-title.small{letter-spacing:.14em;margin-bottom:22px;font-size:1rem}.rule-title a:hover{color:var(--navy)}.tag{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-soft);letter-spacing:.02em;font-size:.74rem}.tag b{color:var(--prog,var(--navy));letter-spacing:.06em;font-weight:700}.grid{gap:40px 28px;display:grid}.grid-4{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.grid-3{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}.card{flex-direction:column;gap:6px;display:flex}.grid-center{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;display:flex}.grid-center.grid-4>.card{width:calc(25% - 21px)}.grid-center.grid-3>.card{width:calc(33.3333% - 18.6667px)}.card .plate{margin-bottom:8px;transition:opacity .2s}.card:hover .plate{opacity:.86}.card-title{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--ink);font-size:1.12rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4}.card:hover .card-title{color:var(--navy)}.card-meta{color:var(--muted);font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.5}.plate{aspect-ratio:4/3;background:var(--panel);position:relative;overflow:hidden}.plate.has-image img{object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%}.plate:not(.has-image){background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--prog)5%,#f7f5ef);padding:9px}.plate-frame{border:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--prog)45%,transparent);outline:1px solid color-mix(in srgb,var(--prog)20%,transparent);outline-offset:3px;text-align:center;height:100%;color:var(--prog);flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:14px 16px;display:flex}.plate-kicker{font-family:var(--display);letter-spacing:.22em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600}.plate-name{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--ink);-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;font-size:1.32rem;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;line-height:1.15;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.plate-frame>*{flex-shrink:0;max-width:100%}.plate-card .plate-kicker{letter-spacing:.16em;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:.6rem;overflow:hidden}.plate-card .plate-frame{gap:6px;padding:10px 12px}.plate-card .plate-name{-webkit-line-clamp:2;font-size:clamp(1rem,1.5vw,1.3rem)}.plate-ornament{opacity:.7;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1}.plate-year{font-family:var(--display);letter-spacing:.3em;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600}.plate-large{aspect-ratio:3/2}.plate-large .plate-frame{gap:16px;padding:28px}.plate-large .plate-kicker{font-size:.85rem}.plate-large .plate-name{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3.4vw,2.6rem)}.plate-large .plate-year{font-size:1rem}.plate-large .plate-ornament{font-size:1.2rem}.home{padding-top:34px}.home-row{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr) 190px;align-items:start;gap:26px;display:grid}.home-row.second{align-items:stretch;margin-top:26px}.intro-box{border-left:2px solid var(--navy);border-top:2px solid var(--navy);color:var(--ink-soft);padding:14px 14px 18px;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.75}.intro-box b{color:var(--ink);font-style:italic}.intro-stats{text-align:center;flex-direction:column;gap:20px;margin-top:28px;display:flex}.intro-stats dd{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--ink);font-size:2rem;font-style:italic;line-height:1}.intro-stats dt{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:600}.feature{text-align:center}.feature-plate{display:block}.feature-kicker{font-family:var(--sans);letter-spacing:.22em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:22px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600}.feature-title{font-family:var(--serif);margin-top:6px;font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3vw,2.1rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}.feature-title a:hover{color:var(--navy)}.feature-sub{color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:6px;font-size:1.02rem}.feature-summary{text-align:left;color:var(--ink);margin-top:16px;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.85}.more{color:var(--navy);text-underline-offset:3px;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline}.feature-foot{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-soft);justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-top:14px;font-size:.78rem;display:flex}.outline-box{border:1px solid var(--rule);text-align:center;color:var(--ink-soft);padding:26px 18px 22px;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.7}.box-title{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--ink);font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:600}.box-emblem{color:var(--gold);margin:10px 0 8px;font-size:2.2rem;line-height:1}.outline-box .pill{margin-top:16px}.panel{background:var(--panel);text-align:center;flex-direction:column;padding:30px 18px;display:flex}.panel-title{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:.08em;font-variant:small-caps;margin-bottom:18px;font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:600}.panel-list{flex-direction:column;gap:18px;list-style:none;display:flex}.panel-list a{flex-direction:column;gap:3px;display:flex}.panel-list b{color:var(--ink);font-size:1.05rem}.panel-list span{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.55}.panel-list a:hover b{color:var(--navy);text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration:underline}.panel-countries{text-align:left;list-style:none}.panel-countries a{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;padding:6px 0;font-size:.92rem;display:flex}.panel-countries small{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.panel-countries a:hover span{color:var(--navy)}.panel-link{font-variant:small-caps;letter-spacing:.06em;text-underline-offset:4px;margin-top:auto;padding-top:18px;text-decoration:underline}.home-latest{min-width:0}.browse-more{text-align:center;margin-top:30px;font-size:1.2rem}.browse-more a{text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.browse-more a:hover{color:var(--navy)}.program-grid{gap:40px 28px}.essay{--accent:var(--prog,var(--navy));--mono:"IBM Plex Mono",var(--sans)}.essay-hero{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent)48%,#0e1215);color:#fff;text-align:center;justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:clamp(380px,58vh,620px);display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.essay-hero-img{object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;inset:0}.essay-hero.has-image:after{content:"";background:linear-gradient(#00000040,#00000080);position:absolute;inset:0}.essay-hero-texture{font-family:var(--display);color:#ffffff0f;text-align:center;pointer-events:none;word-break:normal;justify-content:center;align-items:center;font-size:clamp(5rem,15vw,13rem);font-style:italic;line-height:.95;display:flex;position:absolute;inset:-10% -5%}.essay-hero-inner{z-index:1;max-width:860px;padding:64px 24px;position:relative}.essay-kicker{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;opacity:.85;font-size:.78rem}.essay-kicker a:hover{text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration:underline}.essay-title{font-family:var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.01em;margin-top:18px;font-size:clamp(2.3rem,6vw,4.4rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.12}.essay-standfirst{font-family:var(--sans);opacity:.95;max-width:520px;margin:20px auto 0;font-size:clamp(1rem,1.6vw,1.18rem);line-height:1.6}.essay-caption{text-align:right;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;font-size:.72rem}.essay-caption i{font-family:var(--display);font-size:.85rem}.essay-layout{grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0,760px);justify-content:center;gap:64px;margin-top:44px;display:grid}.essay-side{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.85rem}.side-sticky{flex-direction:column;gap:20px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:28px}.side-facts{flex-direction:column;gap:10px;display:flex}.side-facts div{grid-template-columns:52px 1fr;gap:8px;display:grid}.side-facts dt{color:var(--muted)}.side-facts dd{color:var(--ink)}.side-facts a{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--rule);text-decoration-color:var(--rule)}.side-facts a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.side-length{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.8;list-style:none}.side-tags{font-family:var(--mono);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 14px;font-size:.76rem;display:flex}.side-tags a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline}.side-button{color:var(--ink-soft);font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-align:center;background:#ebebeb;padding:11px 14px;font-size:.72rem;display:block}.side-button+.side-button{margin-top:-12px}.side-button:hover{color:var(--ink);background:#e0e0e0}.essay-main{min-width:0}.tabs{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);justify-content:center;gap:0;margin-bottom:36px;display:flex}.tab{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--muted);background:0 0;border:0;margin-right:28px;padding:0 0 12px;font-size:.8rem;position:relative}.tab+.tab:before{content:"/";color:var(--rule);position:absolute;left:-18px}.tab.active{color:var(--ink)}.tab.active:after{content:"";border-bottom:2px solid var(--accent);position:absolute;bottom:-1px;left:0;right:0}.tab:hover{color:var(--accent)}.tab:last-child{margin-right:0}.tabs-float{z-index:50;border:1px solid var(--rule);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;background:#fff;border-radius:999px;gap:2px;padding:4px;transition:opacity .2s,transform .2s;display:flex;position:fixed;bottom:24px;right:24px;transform:translateY(12px);box-shadow:0 6px 24px #0f192324}.tabs-float.show{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:none}.tabs-float button{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--ink-soft);background:0 0;border:0;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:.78rem}.tabs-float button.active{background:var(--accent);color:#fff}.tabs-float button:not(.active):hover{color:var(--accent)}.post-body{font-family:var(--serif);color:#111;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.85}.post-body>*+*{margin-top:1.15em}.post-body h2{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);margin-top:2.4em;font-size:1.12rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5}.post-body h3{font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:2em;font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:700}.post-body h4{font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:1.6em;font-size:.98rem;font-weight:600}.post-body h2+p,.post-body h3+p{margin-top:.7em}.post-body>p:first-child:first-letter,.post-body>h2+p:first-letter{float:left;font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--ink);margin:.08em .1em 0 0;font-size:2.9em;font-weight:600;line-height:.92}.post-body strong{font-weight:700}.post-body a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline}.post-body ul,.post-body ol{padding-left:1.3em}.post-body li+li{margin-top:.45em}.post-body blockquote{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--accent);margin:1.8em 0 1.8em 1.6em;font-size:1.32em;line-height:1.5}.post-body blockquote p{margin:0}.post-body hr{display:none}.post-figure{margin:2.2em 0}.post-figure img{width:100%}.post-figure figcaption{text-align:right;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px;font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.6}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto}.post-body table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.82em;line-height:1.6}.post-body th,.post-body td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:9px 10px 9px 0}.post-body td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--muted);padding-right:18px}.post-body th{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);white-space:nowrap;font-size:.85em;font-weight:500}.prevnext{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:64px;padding-top:22px;display:grid}.pn{flex-direction:column;gap:4px;display:flex}.pn.next{text-align:right}.pn small{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);font-size:.72rem}.pn strong{font-size:1.05rem}.pn:hover strong{color:var(--accent)}.page{padding-top:34px;padding-bottom:20px}.page-head{text-align:center;max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 48px}.page-head h1{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(1.8rem,4vw,2.4rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}.page-lede{color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:12px;font-size:1rem}.subnav{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:4px 22px;margin-top:24px;font-size:.92rem;display:flex}.subnav a,.subnav button{color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--serif);background:0 0;border:0;padding:2px 0;font-size:.92rem}.subnav a:hover,.subnav button:hover{color:var(--navy)}.subnav .active{color:var(--ink);border-bottom:2px solid var(--navy);font-weight:600}.decades{font-family:var(--sans);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:6px 18px;margin-top:14px;font-size:.8rem;display:flex}.decades a{color:var(--navy)}.decades a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.country-list{columns:4 200px;column-gap:40px;list-style:none}.country-list li{break-inside:avoid}.country-list a{align-items:baseline;gap:6px;padding:7px 0;font-size:.98rem;display:flex}.country-list a:after{content:"";border-bottom:1px dotted #c9d0d0;flex:1;order:1;transform:translateY(-4px)}.country-list small{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--muted);order:2;font-size:.8rem}.country-list a:hover span{color:var(--navy)}.search{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto}.search-input{border:0;border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink);width:100%;font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--ink);background:0 0;outline:none;padding:10px 2px;font-size:1.3rem}.search-input:focus{border-color:var(--navy)}.search .subnav{justify-content:flex-start;margin:18px 0 8px}.search>.muted{font-family:var(--sans);margin-top:10px;font-size:.82rem}.search-results{margin-top:8px;list-style:none}.search-results a{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;align-items:baseline;gap:2px 14px;padding:16px 0;display:grid}.search-results strong{font-size:1.1rem}.search-results a:hover strong{color:var(--navy)}.search-results .muted{font-family:var(--sans);grid-column:2;font-size:.82rem}.search-sub{color:var(--ink-soft);grid-column:2;font-size:.9rem}.search-results .tag{grid-row:span 3;min-width:92px}.prose{max-width:var(--reading)}.prose>p,.prose>ul{margin-top:1.1em;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.95}.prose>h2{margin-top:2.2em;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700}.prose>ul{padding-left:1.3em}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:80px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:36px;padding-top:44px;padding-bottom:48px;display:grid}.footer-about p{color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:14px;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.85}.footer-about .muted{font-size:.8rem}.footer-grid ul{font-family:var(--sans);flex-direction:column;gap:6px;padding-top:8px;font-size:.9rem;list-style:none;display:flex}.footer-grid ul a:hover{color:var(--navy);text-decoration:underline}.footer-band{background:var(--navy);color:#c9d6df;font-family:var(--sans);padding:14px 0;font-size:.78rem}.btn{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-radius:999px;padding:8px 20px;font-size:.9rem;display:inline-block}.btn.ghost{color:var(--navy);border:1px solid var(--navy);background:0 0}.site-main>.page.center h1{font-family:var(--serif);margin:60px 0 10px}.site-main>.page.center p+p{margin-top:24px}@media (max-width:1000px){.home-row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.home-row>.feature{order:-1}.home-row .home-side:first-child{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:20px;display:grid}.intro-stats{margin-top:0}.home-row.second>.home-latest{order:-1}.grid-4,.grid-3{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.grid-center.grid-4>.card,.grid-center.grid-3>.card{width:calc(50% - 14px)}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.footer-about{grid-column:1/-1}.essay-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;margin-top:28px}.essay-side{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);order:2;padding-top:24px}.side-sticky{position:static}}@media (max-width:720px){.container{padding:0 16px}.masthead-top{grid-template-columns:40px 1fr 40px;padding:18px 0 12px}.masthead-count{display:none}.masthead-nav{grid-template-columns:1fr;justify-items:center;gap:10px}.pill{justify-self:center}.masthead-note{display:none}.nav{scrollbar-width:none;gap:18px;max-width:100%;padding-bottom:2px;overflow-x:auto}.home-row .home-side:first-child{grid-template-columns:1fr}.intro-stats{flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-around}.grid-4,.grid-3{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}.grid-center.grid-4>.card,.grid-center.grid-3>.card{width:100%}.tabs-float{bottom:16px;right:16px}.rule-title{gap:14px;font-size:1.25rem}.post-body{font-size:1.08rem;line-height:1.85}.essay-hero{min-height:360px}.essay-hero-inner{padding:48px 16px}.essay-caption{text-align:left}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.search-results a{grid-template-columns:1fr}.search-results .tag{grid-row:auto}.search-results .muted,.search-sub{grid-column:1}}